This page contains information about morphological and histological raw material identification methods. It is edited and maintained by Marloes Rijkelijkehuizen (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands) and Hans Christian Küchelmann (Knochenarbeit Bremen). Please contact them for enquiries, contributions etc.
References dealing with morphological and histological methods of raw material identification:
Ashby, Steven P. (2005): Bone and antler combs: Towards a methodolgy for the understanding of trade and identity in Viking Age England and Scotland. in: Luik, Heidi / Choyke, Alice M. / Batey, Colleen / Lougas, Lembi (eds.): From Hooves to Horns, from Mollusc to Mammoth – Manufacture and Use of Bone Artefacts from Prehistoric Times to the Present – Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of the ICAZ Worked Bone Research Group at Tallinn, 26th–31st of August 2003, Muinasaja teadus 15, 255-262, Tallinn
Deschler-Erb, Sabine (1998): Römische Beinartefakte aus Augusta Raurica – Rohmaterial, Technologie und Chronologie, Band 1: Text und Tafeln, Forschungen in Augst 27/1, Augst
Demeter, György & Mátyás, Jenó (1928): Mikroskopisch vergleichend-anatomische Studien an Röhrenknochen mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Unterscheidung menschlicher und tierischer Knochen. – Zeitschrift für Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte 87, 45-99
Espinoza, Edgard O. & Mann, Mary-Jacque (2008): Ivory Identification Guide: An Introduction, Identification Guides for Wildlife Law Enforcement, Ashland OR
online
Espinoza, Edgard O. & Mann, Mary-Jacque (1992): Identification Guide for Ivory and Ivory Substitutes, Washington
online (pdf 3,6 MB)
Halat, Eva (2003): Modernes Scrimshaw, Ludwigshafen
Harsanyi, L. (1993): Differential diagnosis of human and animal bone. in: Grupe, Gisela & Garland, A. N. (eds.): Histology of Ancient Human Bone: Methods and Diagnosis, 79-94, Heidelberg
Jäger, Helmut (1995): Technik und Werkstoff. in: Dinger, Brigitte / Kappel, Jutta / Trommer, Elke (eds.): Wiedergewonnen – Elfenbein Kunststücke aus Dresden – eine Sammlung des Grünen Gewölbes, 42-53, Erbach
Jowsey, Jenifer (1966): Studies of Haversian systems in man and some animals. – Journal of Anatomy 100(4), 857-864
download (pdf 1,5 MB)
Klinzmann, Carola (1997): Horn, Schildpatt und Fischbein – Möglichkeiten der Identifizierung und Konservierung, unveröffentlichte Diplomarbeit, Köln
Krzyszkowska, Olga (1990): Ivory and Related Materials: An Illustrated Guide, University of London Institute of Classical Studies Bulletin Supplement 59, London
O’Connor, Sonia (1987): The Identification of osseous and keratinaceous materials at York. in: Starling, Katherine & Watkinson, David (eds.): Archaeological Bone, Antler and Ivory, UKIC Occasional Papers 5, 9-21, London
download (pdf 8,6 MB)
O’Connor, Terry (1987): On the structure, chemistry and decay of bone, antler and ivory. in: Starling, Katherine & Watkinson, David (eds.): Archaeological Bone, Antler and Ivory, UKIC Occasional Papers 5, 6-8, London
ordering
O’Connor, Sonia / Solazzo, Caroline / Collins, Matthew J. (2014): Advances in identifying archaeological traces of horn and other keratinous hard tissues. – Studies in Conservation 60(6), 393-417
O’Connor, Sonia (2016): The Cowisht Project: Enhancing the Identification of Artefact Raw Materials. – Cuadernos del Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano – Series Especiales 3(2), 4-22
online (pdf 3,9 MB)
Penniman, T. K. (1984): Pictures of Ivory and other Animal Teeth Bone and Antler – With a brief commentary on their use in identification, 2nd Reprinting, Occasional Papers on Technology 5, Oxford
Poplin, Francois & Rahimifar, Mahnaz (2006): L’Ivoire de Rhinoceros et les Ivoire du proche-orient ancien. – Comptes Rendus des Séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belle-Lettres (CRAI) 4-6/2006, 1119-1130
Rijkelijkhuizen, Marloes J. (2008): Handleiding voor de determinatie van haarde dierlijke materialien – bot gewei ivoor hoorn schildpad balein hoef, Amsterdam
ordering
Sims, Margaret E. & Baker, Barry W. (2006): Tusk or Bone?: an Example of Fake Walrus Ivory in the Wildlife Trade, Identification Guides for Wildlife Law Enforcement 10, Ashland OR
Springate, M. (1997): Identifying Different Types of Ivory
online
Vercoutère, Carole / Müller, Katharina / Chiotti, L. / Nespoulet, Roland / Staude, A. / Riesemeier, H. / Reiche, Ina (2011): Rectangular Beads from the Final Gravettian Level of the Abri Pataud: Raw Material Identification and its Archaeological Implications. – ArchéoSciences 35, 259-271, pl. 21-22